Lower School Curriculum

List of 7 items.

• Fifth Age

  Language Arts

  The Fifth Age program develops a deep appreciation for and love of reading and writing. Through read-alouds, children are exposed to a rich and wide range of fiction and non-fiction. During these times, children have the opportunity to answer questions, to make predictions, and to make connections with books they read. 

  
  

  Through a carefully constructed and systemic approach to phonics that begins in the Fifth Age, the children learn concepts of print, phonics, phonemic awareness, and the ability to use story language to support their growing independence as readers. In addition, students learn skills such as rhyming, tracking, sequencing, and how to determine opposites. Developmental groups allow teachers to focus more on the individual child, providing flexible and appropriate pacing based on individual needs.

  
  In Writing, children begin to understand that drawing pictures and writing even a word about that picture is a form of communication. They begin to see themselves and each other as storytellers,as expert weavers of tales, as holders of memories that are worth sharing. Children learn to identify and render upper and lower case letters, to understand left to right correspondence, and to include proper spacing between letters and words. Age-appropriate fine- and grapho-motor skills are developed through multi-sensory activities and experiences. This prepares children for optimal pencil grip and letter formation.

  
  Throughout the year, the children are given opportunities to apply their developing decoding and encoding skills, and to see themselves as the readers and writers they are. This has a profound impact on their continued growth and identity as independent readers and writers.

  
  

  Mathematics

  The Dimensions Math program is based on the Singapore math method which focuses on conceptual depth. Students will learn to think mathematically through a CPA (Concrete, Pictorial, Abstract) approach. This approach starts with a hands-on introduction to a topic and then systematically helps the students progress to an abstract understanding. In Fifth Age, students gain a solid understanding of numbers zero to ten – which includes being able to subitize (identify a number of objects without needing to count one by one), and to understand relationships between numbers: how to easily recognize what happens mathematically when certain numbers pair together in addition and subtraction. This essential knowledge transfers to their future understanding of how larger numbers combine. Students explore foundational concepts in the areas of classifying, patterning, geometry, and measurement. Problem-solving is integrated into all aspects of the curriculum.
  

  
  

  Social and Emotional Development

  A major emphasis in Fifth Age is to develop children’s social, emotional, and interpersonal skills. Teachers provide a safe and nurturing environment that includes the use of positive praise to foster self-confidence and self-esteem. Responsibility, ownership of actions, efficient use of time, pride in finished work, and cooperation with others are skills cultivated in Fifth Age. The character education program, Pillars, is based on our four Calvert pillars which are respect, responsibility, honor and compassion.  Students take part in a formal Pillars class from Fifth through Tenth Ages that assists in social emotional learning and each student’s role in the Calvert community as well as their global citizenship. 

• Sixth Age

  Reading

  The reading program is designed to accommodate each child's individual needs while fostering growth and skill development; in turn, children are placed in developmentally-based groups. They are taught using a blend of literature, phonics, and Calvert's own reading materials. Instruction focuses on phonemic awareness, letter sound relationships, high frequency and sight word mastery, visual and auditory discrimination, and comprehension.
  

  
  

  Writing

  In the writing program, children begin to learn the development of logical and creative thought using words and language. Creative writing is integrated with reading through journals. Children continue to practice fine motor skills in printing letters, words, and sentences.

  
  

  Mathematics

  The Dimensions Math program is based on the Singapore math method which is a mastery program. Students learn to think mathematically through a CPA (Concrete, Pictorial, Abstract) approach. This approach starts with a hands-on introduction to a topic and then systematically helps the students progress to an abstract understanding. In the Sixth Age, students gain a solid understanding of numbers and extend this understanding to place value with tens and ones. The students use number bonds to decompose numbers which helps them develop the strong part-whole relationship that underlies much of the more advanced work they will encounter in subsequent grades. They begin to learn strategies for mental math as well as begin to explore adding and subtracting whole numbers. In addition, students will start to develop skills with patterning, geometry, and measurement. Problem-solving is integrated into all aspects of the curriculum.

  
  

  Social and Emotional Development

  Building on the foundation from Fifth Age, character education continues in the form of weekly Pillars classes. Topics include friendship, fears, manners, sharing, and self-control. Special emphasis is placed on the Calvert pillars: responsibility, respect, honor and compassion.

  
  

  Discovery

  Discovery represents students' first step into social studies content. Teachers provide thematically-based activities to engage students. These units encourage students to think globally and allow them to synthesize their personal knowledge with literature-based, hands-on activities. During this daily course, children explore topics related to their world and surroundings.
  

  
  

  Expedition Calvert
  Through our geography program, Expedition Calvert, students explore maps and learn how to use them as well as gain an awareness of the continents through music, movement, food, art, and hands-on activities.

  
  
  

• Seventh Age

  Reading

  The Seventh Age reading program is designed to develop a well-rounded reader who is able to apply phonics and word recognition skills, while building their reading comprehension skills. The students are also able to identify story elements including characters, setting, problem and solution. Using trade books, teacher modeling, and activities including reading circles, reader's theater, and read-alouds, the children are taught to be competent, expressive, and fluent readers. Phonics instruction is an integral part of the curriculum. The children are placed into developmental groups for reading instruction.
  

  
  

  Handwriting

  Children begin formal instruction of the Calvert Script. While focusing on proper pencil grip, spacing and writing position, children learn the formation of letters.

  
  

  Composition

  Composition is a step-by-step process in which the children learn to construct sentences and then paragraphs in logical order, while being creative and descriptive. The children brainstorm topics and learn about main ideas, paragraph structure, and the basic mechanics of writing.

  
  

  Spelling

  Using Words Their Way and the Phonics Units of Study programs, spelling is taught within reading, and in turn, spelling words are based on appropriate developmental levels. Phonics concepts and spelling patterns are taught through an intentional process; students are provided opportunities to apply what they learn for deeper understanding and successful application of spelling concepts.

  
  

  Mathematics

  The Dimensions Math program is based on the Singapore math method which is a mastery program. Students learn to think mathematically through a CPA (Concrete, Pictorial, Abstract) approach. This approach starts with a hands-on introduction to a topic and then systematically helps the students progress to an abstract understanding. In the Seventh  Age, students work on extending their prior knowledge of place value to whole numbers to hundreds. They use number bonds to decompose numbers which helps them develop the strong part-whole relationship that underlies much of the more advanced work they will encounter in subsequent grades. They also continue to learn strategies for mental math as well as continue to develop fluency adding and subtracting whole numbers. In addition, students will start to develop skills with fractions, geometry, money, and measurement. Problem-solving is integrated into all aspects of the curriculum.

  
  

  Expedition Calvert
  Through our geography program, Expedition Calvert, geography comes to life as students travel to the continent of South America, where they explore different countries including Brazil, Argentina and Peru. Students learn about geographical and cultural features to include a global connection as part of their study.

• Eighth Age

  Reading

  The Eighth Age reading curriculum develops critical thinking skills, such as making inferences, drawing conclusions, and predicting outcomes by focusing on oral comprehension, fluency, and expression. Using trade books, children are taught story structure and develop comprehension skills such as recognizing main ideas and supporting details. They also expand their vocabulary using context clues and other reading strategies.

  
  

  Composition

  Children develop compositions in Calvert Script using formal steps in the writing process: prewriting, organizing, drafting, and editing. Mechanics of writing are taught through the correct use of grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. Children write fiction and non-fiction papers, poetry, letters, and compose basic research reports.

  
  

  Spelling
  Using the Words Their Way program, spelling is taught within reading, and in turn, spelling words are based on appropriate developmental levels. Phonics concepts and spelling patterns are taught through an intentional process; students are provided opportunities to apply what they learn for deeper understanding and successful application of spelling rules and concepts.
  
  Mathematics
  The Dimensions Math program is based on the Singapore math method, which is a mastery program. Students learn to think mathematically through a CPA (Concrete, Pictorial, Abstract) approach. This approach starts with a hands-on introduction to a topic and then systematically helps the students progress to an abstract understanding. In the Eighth Age, students work on extending their prior knowledge of place value to whole numbers to thousands. They also continue to learn strategies for mental math as well as develop fluency with standard algorithms for operations with whole numbers. In addition, students will continue to build on skills with fractions, geometry, and measurement. Problem-solving is integrated into all aspects of the curriculum. In Eighth Age, the students are introduced to bar modeling as an effective tool to model and solve complex problems.
  
  History
  Eighth Agers focus on Baltimore, Fort McHenry, the War of 1812 and National Parks as units of study. They become familiar with Baltimore and life during the 1800s through local places to visit such as the Maryland Historical Society and Fort McHenry. They also study Americans, such as Francis Scott Key, who played a role in the War of 1812. The students learn about our National Parks and their importance in our country.
  
  Expedition Calvert
  Through our geography program, Expedition Calvert, children travel to the continent of Asia where they learn about the geographical and cultural features of three specific countries: China, India, and Saudi Arabia. Students engage in authentic learning experiences that include a global connection.

• Ninth Age

  Reading
  Children are grouped developmentally for Ninth Age reading class. Reading comprehension, critical thinking, and fluency are central to the curriculum. Students use selected novels for discussions about the main idea, vocabulary, sequencing, predicting and inferring. Children participate in creative activities and research projects, poetry reading, and presentations as well as write short answers and essays that require critical thinking about reading content.
  
  Composition
  Teachers guide children through daily lessons that build skills in idea development, writing mechanics, and sentence structure. Emphasis is placed on applying rules of grammar and punctuation to write meaningful sentences that clearly and creatively express thoughts. Children learn various styles of writing such as expository, persuasive, creative, and informational essays building from shorter paragraphs to longer, multi-paragraph compositions. The curriculum culminates with a research project that allows the students to apply all of the skills they have learned throughout the year.
  
  Spelling
  Using the Words Their Way program, spelling is taught within reading, and in turn, spelling words are based on appropriate developmental levels. Phonics concepts and spelling patterns are taught through an intentional process; students are provided opportunities to apply what they learn for deeper understanding and successful application of spelling concepts.
  
  Grammar
  Ninth Age grammar introduces students to the basic parts of speech, sentence structure, and writing mechanics. Children apply rules of grammar in written work with a focus on communicating accurately and concisely.
  
  Mathematics
  The Dimensions Math program is based on the Singapore math method which is a mastery program. Students learn to think mathematically through a CPA (Concrete, Pictorial, Abstract) approach. This approach starts with a hands-on introduction to a topic and then systematically helps the students progress to an abstract understanding. In the Ninth Age, students work on extending their prior knowledge of place value to whole numbers to the ten-thousands. They also continue to learn strategies for mental math as well as develop fluency with standard algorithms for operations with whole numbers and fractions. In addition, students will continue to build on skills in geometry and measurement. Problem-solving is integrated into all aspects of the curriculum. The Singapore math approach uses bar modeling as an effective tool to teach students how to model and solve complex problems.
  
  History
  History content covers Egypt, Greece, Rome and the Middle Ages using books and materials such as A Child's History of the World, by Calvert's first Head Master, Virgil Hillyer. Special emphasis is placed on studying ancient civilizations.
  
  Expedition Calvert
  Through our geography program, Expedition Calvert, geography comes to life as students travel through ancient civilizations including Egypt, Greece, Italy, and England. 

• Tenth Age

  Reading
  Emphasis is placed on developing critical thinking, comprehension, and fluency in reading class. There is also a significant focus on reading to learn. Children are grouped developmentally and use several novels, including American Tall Tales, Shiloh, and Wild Robot. Independent reading is encouraged both in school and at home.
  
  Composition
  Emphasis continues to be placed on writing skills in Tenth Age. Children learn to write complex sentences using descriptive phrases. They organize and develop coherent paragraphs with topic sentences and descriptive details. Children write book reports, business letters, and descriptive, expository, persuasive, and creative compositions.
  
  Grammar
  The Tenth Age grammar lessons reinforce and extend the skills taught in Ninth Age. By the end of the year, students demonstrate a working knowledge of eight parts of speech in all capacities which gives them a foundation of language and a solid understanding of the structure of writing.
  
  Spelling
  Using the Words Their Way program, spelling is taught within reading, and in turn, spelling words are based on appropriate developmental levels. Phonics concepts and spelling patterns are taught through an intentional process; students are provided opportunities to apply what they learn for deeper understanding and successful application of spelling concepts.
  
  Mathematics
  The Dimensions Math program is based on the Singapore math method. Students learn to think mathematically through a CPA (Concrete, Pictorial, Abstract) approach. This approach starts with a hands-on introduction to a topic and then systematically helps the students progress to an abstract understanding. In the Tenth Age, students work on applying their knowledge of place value to whole numbers and decimals. They continue to learn strategies for mental math and develop fluency with standard algorithms using whole numbers, decimals, and fractions. In addition, students will continue to build on skills in geometry and measurement. Problem-solving is integrated into all aspects of the curriculum. The Singapore math approach uses bar modeling as an effective tool to teach students how to model and solve complex problems.
  
  History
  History focuses on North America with its primary emphasis on American history. Students learn about Explorers, Native American tribes, early European settlements, the founding of the United States and the Revolutionary War. The students also study Maryland history prior to writing their state reports. Children read A Child's History of Calvert School and learn the history and traditions that are unique to Calvert, providing a clear understanding of their school.
  
  Expedition Calvert
  Through our geography program, Expedition Calvert, geography comes to life as students travel throughout the continent of North America, where they explore Canada, Mexico, and places across the United States. Students learn about geographical and cultural features to include a global connection as part of their study.

• Special Subjects

  Art
  Art introduces children to a variety of mediums and styles as well as artists and time periods. Acquisition of vocabulary and concepts support the students’ ever-growing portfolio of artwork. Students continuously expand their knowledge of elements of art and principles of design with new materials and concepts. Elements covered are line, shape, color, value, form, texture, and space. The principles of design covered are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, and variety. In Ninth and Tenth Ages art history is incorporated into art class allowing for more in depth study and understanding of periods studied in history class.
  
  Music
  Music theory and history as well as vocal techniques are a part of students’ progressive mastery in music throughout their lower school years. Rhythm instruments, recorder, and piano are the application instruments used for performance of musical skills acquired. Vocal and instrumental performance is seen in all grade levels to promote creative expression and mastery of musical skills.
  
  World Languages
  The curriculum is designed to awaken a child's curiosity and interest in a new language, while providing a solid foundation for further study in Middle School. Students begin learning the languages in Fifth Age through songs, stories and hands-on projects. In Eighth Age, after choosing to pursue either French or Spanish, students focus on speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills. The culture of French and Spanish-speaking countries, especially holidays and artists, are emphasized throughout the world language program.
  
  Physical Education
  Physical Education provides all children, beginning in Fifth Age, with multiple opportunities for physical, mental, emotional, and social growth through active games and structured play. Children learn skills at an age-appropriate pace and gain knowledge about their own physical development. Teachers focus on developing an appreciation for physical activity that will lead to a lifetime of health and wellness. Experiences in team and individual sports, as well as movement and rhythms, are designed to help students gain skills and develop positive attitudes towards exercise, sports, and their physical abilities.
  
  Science
  Children at Calvert begin formal science instruction in Fifth Age with an exploration of the five senses, weather, animals, and plants. Science instruction is intended to give children hands-on experiences with everyday materials, familiarizing them with the world around them. Field trips, nature walks, and activities allow a child's natural curiosity to develop. Children learn about the water cycle, cells, elements, habitats, systems, magnets, matter, forces and energy, rocks, climate, and pushes and pulls. The Luetkemeyer Planetarium on campus provides children with an exciting way to examine the sky, planets, and the universe. Calvert's science program encourages children to ask and answer questions, build factual knowledge, and theorize for further examination.
  
  Technology
  Students from Fifth Age through Tenth Age use technology as an educational tool in the classroom.  Our Fifth through Eighth Age students have access to iPads and may use Seesaw as a learning platform. Students in the Ninth and Tenth Ages use Chromebooks for compositions and some classroom and/or homework assignments.  Skills such as graphic design, visual mapping, keyboarding, presentation, and public speaking are introduced at age-appropriate levels. Cyber safety, cyber-bullying, digital citizenship, and responsible computer use are emphasized throughout the school year.
  
  Library
  The Lower School Library has a collection of more than 20,000 items, including fiction, non-fiction, periodicals, audio-visual material for students and their teachers.  All classes from Fifth to Tenth Age have a library lesson once a week, where students listen to stories, browse and check-out books, and receive instruction in information-seeking skills. Our library information system, Destiny Quest, provides easy access to books, age appropriate and reliable websites and information-rich databases. The library curriculum is developmentally appropriate for each grade level, complementing lessons in history, geography, reading, math, and science. The librarian focuses on developing an interest in and appreciation for books and encourages students to visit the library for school work and reading for pleasure.